• Water contact angle (WCA): hydrophobic ~90–120°; superhydrophobic >150°.
   
• Sliding / roll-off angle: lower is better (<10° for self-cleaning).
   
• Transparency: many MTMS/silica coatings can be optically clear (>80% transmittance).
   
• Durability: abrasion resistance, UV stability, chemical resistance (varies by formulation).
   
• Processing temperature: low-temperature (<200 °C) formulations exist for glass/plastics.

Domestic

• Glass (windows, shower glass, mirrors) — anti-stain, easy clean.
   
• Solar glass (panels / rooftiles) — keeps panels cleaner, improves energy yield.
   
• Automotive (windshield, exterior trim) — water beading, visibility, easy-wash.
   
• Textiles & upholstery (water-resistant finishes).
   
• Consumer electronics screen protectors (oleophobic variants).
   

Industrial

• Construction & architectural glass (facade, curtain walls).
   
• Marine & shipping (anti-biofouling; in some cases combined coatings).
   
• Oil & gas / chemical equipment (anti-wetting, anti-corrosion topcoats).
   
• HVAC / condensers (improved heat-exchange by repellency).
   
• Medical devices and food processing parts (reduced fouling, easier cleaning).

• Global hydrophobic coatings market (recent reports): ~USD 2.0–2.8 billion in the mid-2020s with CAGR ~5–6% (2024–2030). Examples: Grand View Research (USD 2.06B in 2023; CAGR ~5.5%) and Mordor/ResearchAndMarkets estimates in the same band.
   
• Superhydrophobic niche: smaller today (tens of millions USD) but high CAGR (reports project rapid growth; superhydrophobic premium segment often shows much higher growth rates).
   
• India: market estimates vary by vendor; one specialized India forecast estimates ~USD 1.2 billion (2025) for hydrophobic coatings in India (rapid growth driven by construction, automotive, solar and nano-coatings uptake). Use India estimates cautiously — state & sector uptake varies

 A UV-absorbing coating is a surface layer (organic or inorganic) engineered to absorb harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation (typically 290–400 nm) before it reaches the substrate. These coatings protect substrates (polymers, wood, pigments, adhesives, fabrics, and optical elements) from UV-induced degradation, color fading, loss of mechanical properties and accelerated ageing. 

They are implemented either by (a) adding UV-absorber molecules into the coating matrix, (b) incorporating UV-blocking inorganic fillers (e.g., TiO₂, ZnO) or (c) using multilayer glass coatings that reflect/absorb UV 

• UV protection index: % UV transmission reduction across UVA (315–400 nm) and UVB (280–315 nm).
   
• Long-term light stability: measured as loss of mechanical/optical properties or ΔE (color change) after accelerated UV weathering.
   
• Optical clarity / haze: especially critical for glazing, displays, eyewear — visible light transmittance (400–700 nm) must remain high.
   
• Durability: abrasion resistance, adhesion, solvent resistance, and retention of UV performance after weathering.
   
• Compatibility: with substrate (plastics, glass, wood, coatings) and downstream processes (lamination, printing).
   
• Multifunctionality: antifog (hydrophilicity), anti-scratch, anti-microbial, or self-cleaning can be combined 

Domestic / Consumer

• Window & architectural glass (UV protection of interiors and furnishings).
   
• Eyewear lenses, sunglasses, visors (UV blocking + antifog for safety).
   
• Consumer electronics displays (protect polarizers and adhesives).
   
• Wood & furniture finishes (prevent fading).
   
• Automotive interiors & UV-protective windshield interlayers.
   

Industrial / Commercial

• Solar control glass, low-E and coated glazing (UV + IR management).
   
• Packaging (UV protection for food, pharmaceuticals, printed labels).
   
• Coatings for outdoor structures, marine, and protective coatings for equipment.
   
• Optical components in instrumentation, medical devices (combined UV protection + antifog where required).

• Global UV absorbers market: ~USD 3.2 billion (2025) with multi-year growth forecast (FMI). This covers small-molecule absorbers used across plastics & coatings.
   
• UV coatings / UV-curable coatings market: UV-curable coatings were valued ~USD 7.2B (2025) and are expected to rise strongly (growing use in eco-friendly, fast-curing systems). UV-curable tech is distinct but complementary to UV-absorbing additive markets.
   
• Protective / solar control glass markets (relevant end-markets): solar control / coated glazing delivered USD 7–7.7B (2024) globally and is forecast to grow with building energy-efficiency trends — these are large end markets that drive demand for UV-managing coatings.
   
• Niche growth drivers: the triazine-type UV absorbers (high-performance class) show robust CAGR, signalling demand for durable UV protection in high-end applications

   An antistatic coating reduces or eliminates static electricity accumulation on surfaces by increasing surface conductivity or by dissipating charge to ground. 

They are used to prevent electrostatic discharge (ESD), dust attraction, and process problems in electronics, packaging, cleanrooms, automotive, flooring, and many consumer goods. 

Permanent antistatic coatings (conductive) and removable antistatic finishes (ionic surfactants) both exist; long-life products typically use conductive fillers or doped oxides 

• Surface resistivity / surface conductivity — typical targets depend on use:
   
  • Antistatic: surface resistivity ≈ 10⁹–10¹¹ Ω/sq (dissipative).
     
  • Conductive/ESD safe: 10³–10⁸ Ω/sq.
     
  • Measure with a surface resistivity meter (ohms/sq) or surface resistance meter.
     
• Decay time — how fast a deposited charge decays (seconds to milliseconds).
   
• Durability — abrasion resistance, washability, adhesion to substrate (critical for floor, textile & automotive uses).
   
• Optical transparency — required for display/glass/optical parts (ITO, ATO, PEDOT:PSS routes).
   
• Surface energy & tack — affects dust attraction and handling.
   
• Processing compatibility — dip/spray/roll coat, inline laminates, or printing.

Domestic / Consumer

• Electronics displays & touchscreens (anti-dust/ESD protection for manufacturing and handling).
   
• Consumer packaging (preventing dust sticking on luxury goods).
   
• Home appliance surfaces where dust attraction is an issue.
   
• Antistatic textile finishes (carpets, apparel in specialty segments).
   

Industrial / Commercial (largest demand)

• Electronics manufacturing (SMT, PCB assembly, cleanrooms) — critical ESD control for components and floors.
   
• ESD flooring & coatings for factories, labs & assembly lines.
   
• Antistatic packaging & bags for ICs and chips (coated films, shielding bags).
   
• Automotive (interiors, dashboards to reduce dust cling and static shocks).
   
• Aerospace & defense (ESD control on sensitive equipment).
   
• Medical device housings where static can affect sensors.
   

 Market size & trends (authoritative figures)

Global market

• Multiple market research reports place the global antistatic / anti-static coatings market in the USD 1.4–1.8 billion (mid-2020s) range with moderate CAGR (≈3–6% depending on scope). Example forecasts show growth driven by electronics, automotive and packaging demand.
   

India market

• India antistatic/anti-static agents market revenue cited at ~USD 44.4 million (2024) with a projected CAGR ~7.9% (2025–2030) in one analysis — note: “antistatic agents” market is a close proxy for coatings demand; coatings subset is smaller but growing with electronics manufacturing and packaging sectors.

Fire-retardant coatings (also called intumescent, ablative or passive fire protection coatings) are surface systems that delay ignition, slow flame spread and reduce heat transfer by forming an insulating char/foam layer or by endothermic decomposition. Two main families:

• Intumescent coatings (expand/char to form insulating layer — common for structural steel).
   
• Ablative / cementitious / epoxy-based coatings (sacrificial layers for substrates).

• Fire resistance rating (minutes of protection: 30, 60, 90, 120+ min).
   
• Char expansion ratio & char strength (how well the char forms and insulates under load).
   
• Thermal conductivity of char (lower is better).
   
• Adhesion & integrity after thermal exposure (no delamination).
   
• Coating thickness required (mm) for target rating — critical for cost calculations.
   
• Durability / mechanical resistance (abrasion, weathering) and service environment (indoor/outdoor).
   
• Application method: brush/roller/spray/flow or factory pre-coating (affects cost).

• Construction / Buildings: structural steel protection (columns, beams), cable trays, doors.
   
• Oil & Gas / Petrochemical / Power: pipework, structural steel, FPSO / offshore platforms (marine-grade intumescents).
   
• Marine & Shipbuilding: fire protection on decks, bulkheads (special marine standards).
   
• Transportation: mass transit, rail car interiors, aircraft components (specialized).
   
• Industrial equipment: turbines, furnaces, tanks, storage.
   
• Specialty: passive protection for heritage buildings, tunnels, data-centers and critical infrastructure.
   

Global market (recent report range):

• Conservative / widely-cited estimate: ~USD 3.1 billion in 2024, growing at ~5–6% CAGR.
   
• Larger market projections exist (some sources estimate USD ~6B+ in mid-2020s depending on inclusion of related flame-retardant additives and coatings segments). Use a DPR range (USD 3.1–6.0B) and cite sources.
   

India:

• India flame-retardant / additives market reports put the Indian market in the USD hundreds of millions range (examples: ~USD 342–613M depending on report & scope for 2024), with steady CAGR (≈4–6%). For coatings-specific demand, assume a smaller subset and treat India as ~3–8% of global for specialty coatings in initial DPR scenarios (adjust to your target end-market). 

   Antimicrobial coatings are surface treatments that kill, inhibit or repel bacteria, fungi and (in some cases) viruses on contact or via released actives. Technologies include contact-kill (immobilized biocides or metals), release-kill (leaching biocides), and photocatalytic self-sterilizing systems (TiO₂-based). Some product lines combine antimicrobial + antifog (hydrophilic topcoat over antimicrobial base) for goggles, visors, or optical housings.  

Anti-graffiti coatings (AGCs) are surface systems that either prevent permanent adhesion of paints/markers (so markings can be removed easily) or sacrifice themselves on removal (a thin sacrificial layer that is stripped with the graffiti). They are commonly categorised as:

• Permanent (non-sacrificial): low-surface-energy or hard coatings (silicones, silanes, fluoropolymers, some siloxanes, nanoparticle-reinforced films) that repel paints and inks and allow cleaning without removing the coating.
   
• Semi-permanent: tougher coatings that tolerate several cleanings before re-coating.
   
• Sacrificial: waxes, polysaccharide films or water-soluble layers that are removed along with graffiti and then reapplied.

 Key features & buyer metrics

Buyers evaluate AGCs on these core criteria:

• Removability: number of clean cycles before re-coating (e.g., sacrificial = 1 removal; semi-perm = 5–20 removals; permanent = many dozens).
   
• Optical effect: transparency and haze on glass; gloss retention on painted surfaces.
   
• Durability: abrasion resistance, UV/weathering (ASTM/ISO hours to failure).
   
• Chemical resistance: ability to withstand solvents used during graffiti removal.
   
• Adhesion & substrate compatibility: concrete, brick, painted metal, glass, plastics.
   
• Surface feel / slip / anti-slip considerations (for horizontal surfaces).
   
• Environmental profile: VOC content, PFAS / fluorochemical usage (many buyers now avoid long-chain fluoropolymers).

Domestic / Public / Urban

• Public walls & façades, subway / metro stations, bus shelters, public toilets, murals & monuments (heritage protection), street furniture, exterior signage.
   
• Residential gated communities for gate/pillar protection (reduces maintenance).
   

Commercial / Industrial

• Transport (rail cars, buses, stations), retail storefronts, corporate campus exteriors, airports, tunnels and underpasses, bridges, infrastructure.
   
• Specialty: glass displays (anti-graffiti + antifog topcoat for sheltered kiosks), coatings on protective films for art/museum surfaces. 

 Market size & growth (careful, sourced)

Key load-bearing numbers (pick conservative ranges for DPRs):

• Global AGC market (multiple report ranges): Grand View Research estimates the global anti-graffiti coatings market at USD 140.1 million in 2023 and projects growth to USD 180.9 million by 2030 (CAGR ≈ 3.8%). Other paid reports give figures in the USD 80–170M range depending on inclusion of films and regional definitions.
   
• Alternative market reports: Mordor Intelligence and ResearchAndMarkets report similar mid-hundreds of millions projections (Mordor ~USD 87.2M in 2025; ResearchAndMarkets 2025 = USD 120.6M with 6.4% CAGR to 2032). Use a conservative DPR range USD 80–150M (2024–2025) and show sensitivity to CAGR (3.5–6%).
   
• India: specialized India AGC market public reports are weaker; mobility/urbanization reports suggest faster growth in urban infrastructure. For DPRs, conservative assumption: India ≈ 3–6% of global AGC demand initially (given construction & transit growth), which implies India market roughly USD 2.4–9.0M on a USD 80–150M global base — but some private paywalled local forecasts present larger figures for combined protective films + coatings. Quote global report + a conservative India share and state the assumption clearly.